"Performance review." Does the mere mention of this event make your heart sink?
Employees and managers the world over dread this ritual and therein
lays the main problem: We have institutionalized the giving and
receiving of feedback. We save up our comments and document all the
things we note about a person's performance. And then, like a big cat
ready to pounce, the manager brings a hapless employee into the office
and springs a year's worth of "constructive criticism" onto him or her.
No doubt the process is seen as unnerving and fear provoking. And
this is exactly the wrong emotional environment in which to discuss
performance, introduce suggestions for improvement, and talk about goals
for the future. This is a shame, because giving and receiving feedback
is some of the most important communication you can engage in with
members of your team.
When done in the right way and with the right intentions, feedback
communication is the avenue to performance greatness. Employees have to
know what they are doing well and not so well. For them to really hear
your thoughts and suggestions on ways to improve, though, that feedback
has to be delivered carefully and frequently.
Giving feedback effectively is a skill. And like all skills, it takes
practice to build your confidence and improve. The following is a
collection of "feedback giving" tips that you can start putting into
practice today.
Tip:
We talk generally about feedback between a manager/supervisor and employee. However, feedback can, and should, be given up, down, and laterally. The same principles apply.Giving Feedback Effectively
Number One Rule: Try to Make it a Positive Process and Experience
Before giving feedback make sure you remind yourself why you are
doing it. The purpose for giving feedback is to improve the situation or
performance. You won't accomplish that by being harsh, critical, or
offensive.
That's not to say you must always be positive. There is a role for
negativity and even anger if someone isn't paying sufficient attention
to what you're saying. However this should be used sparingly. You'll
most often get much more from people when your approach is positive and
focused on improvement. Use tools like the Feedback Matrix and the Losada Ratio to help you get the balance right. (Although the statistics behind the Losada Ratio are in doubt now, the principle is not.)
Be Timely
The closer to the event you address the issue, the better. Feedback
isn't about surprising someone so the sooner you do it, the more the
person will be expecting it.
Think of it this way: It's much easier to feed back about a single
one-hour job that hasn't been done properly than it is to feed back
about a whole year of failed one-hour jobs.
Tip:
The exception to this is if the situation involved is highly emotional. Here, wait until everyone has calmed down before you engage in feedback. You can't risk letting yourself get worked up and risk saying something you will regret later.Make it Regular
Feedback is a process that requires constant attention. When
something needs to be said, say it. People then know where they stand
all the time and there are few surprises. Also, problems don't get out
of hand. This is not a once-a-year or a
once-every-three-month event. While this may be the timing of formal
feedback, informal, simple feedback should be given much more often than
this – perhaps every week or even every day, depending on the
situation.
With frequent informal feedback like this, nothing said during formal
feedback sessions should be unexpected, surprising or particularly
difficult.
Prepare Your Comments
You don't want to read a script but you do need to be clear about you
are going to say. This helps you stay on track and stick to the issues.
Be Specific
Tell the person exactly what they need to improve on. This ensures
that you stick to facts and there is less room for ambiguity. If you
tell someone they acted unprofessionally, what does that mean exactly?
Were they too loud, too friendly, too casual, too flip or too poorly
dressed?
Remember to stick to what you know first hand: You'll quickly find
yourself on shaky ground if you start giving feedback based on other
people's views.
Tip:
Try not to exaggerate to make a point. Avoid words like "never", "all," and "always" because the person will get defensive. Always discuss the direct impact of the behavior and don't get personal or seek to blame.Criticize in Private
While public recognition is appreciated, public scrutiny is not.
Establish a safe place to talk where you won't be interrupted or overheard.
Use "I" Statements
Give the feedback from your perspective. This way you avoid labeling the person.
Say, "I was angry and hurt when you criticized my report in front of my boss" rather than "You were insensitive yesterday."
Limit Your Focus
A feedback session should discuss no more than two issues. Any more
than that and you risk the person feeling attacked and demoralized.
You should also stick to behaviors the person can actually change or influence.
Talk About Positives Too
A good rule is start off with something positive. This helps put the
person at ease. It also lets them "see" what success looks like and this
helps them to take the right steps next time.
As long as it's not forced, it can also help to give positive
feedback at the end of a feedback session too. Otherwise, people can
finish feeling despondent and worthless.
Tip:
Many people can tend to overdo this and they end up sandwiching the constructive feedback between too many positives. Then the takeaway message becomes, "Gee, I'm doing really well" instead of "I'm good at communicating with customers, but I need to bring my interpersonal skills with my co-workers up to that same level."Provide Specific Suggestions
Make sure you both know what needs to be done to improve the
situation. The main message should be that you care and want to help the
person grow and develop. Set goals and make plans to monitor and
evaluate progress. Use the SMART acronym and define specific steps and milestones, or the GROW model to motivate people to deliver the change you want.
Tip:
You may not agree on everything so it is a good idea to ask the person to provide their perspective. Use phrases like, "What is your reaction to this?" or "Is this a fair representation of what happened?" Listen actively to what he or she has to say and try to get him or her to offer some suggestions for improvement. This way they have an opportunity to own the solution and are much more likely to follow through with it. To avoid sounding like you're preaching, stay away from words like "good," "bad," "must," "need to," etc.Follow Up
The whole purpose of feedback is to improve performance. You need to
measure whether or not that is happening and then make adjustments as
you go. Be sure to document your conversations and discuss what is
working and what needs to be modified.
Tip:
It's also important that you actively seek feedback from your boss, colleagues, and customers. See our article on Getting Feedback for more on this.Key Points
Feedback is a two way street. You need to know how to give it
effectively and at the same time model how to receive it constructively.
When you make a conscious choice to give and receive feedback on a
regular basis you demonstrate that feedback is a powerful means of
personal development. Done properly, feedback need not be agonizing,
demoralizing, or daunting and the more practice you get the better you
will become at it. It may never be your favorite means of communicating
with employees, co-workers, or bosses but it does have the potential to
make your workplace a much more productive and harmonious place to be.
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